Nanobubbles as ultrasound contrast agent for facilitating small cell lung cancer imaging

BACKGROUND This study is to investigate whether liposome-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) have the potentials to carry anti-pro-gastrin releasing peptide (proGRP) antibody and enhance ultrasound imaging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS NBs were loaded with an antibody against SCLC (H446 cell line). A nude mouse model of SCLC tumor was established by a subcutaneous injection of tumor cell suspension in the dorsal skin. Images for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of xenograft tumors in the model were obtained through an intravenous injection of blank and targeting NBs. RESULTS The targeted NBs showed a high binding affinity (90.2 ± 3.24%) of the H446 cells in vitro as compared to the blank NBs that have no affinity of the cells. In process of tumor imaging, no mice died of the NB application. CEUS imaging of the targeted NBs manifested significant increases in half-peak time, area under the curve and peak intensity as compared to the blank NBs. In the model of SCLC, treatment with targeting NBs resulted in a large amount of fluorescent dye accumulated in the tumor tissue but not the liver tissue. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that NBs can carry antibody traveling to the SCLC cells, whereas application of NBs is safe and reliable in serving as ultrasound contrast agents for improving SCLC imaging.